1/18/2023

Preview of what we will be doing this semester with R!

Types of Variables

• A quantitative variable is a variable that takes on numerical values for which arithmetic makes sense.
• A categorical or qualitative variable is a variable that records which category a person place or thing falls into.

Questions about data

• What variables are being measured?
• Are these variables appropriate for answering the question(s) of interest?
• What are the units of measurement?
• How are the data recorded?

Graphical Displays

• Why are graphing techniques useful?
  • Examine the overall shape of a distribution - (symmetric or skewed?)
  • Look for deviations from the overall shape - (unusual observations, gaps, etc.)
  • Locate the center of the distribution

Histograms

• Divide the range of the data into classes of equal width.
• Count the number of observations in each class.
• Compute the relative frequency or percent for each class.
• Erect bars over each class interval.

Getting started with R (I will demo the commands below, which you can find in the file ClassDataS23.R)

• Lauch RStudio
• Load our data from the class survey (ClassDataS23.csv)
  • Method 1 - ClassDataS23=read.csv(file=file.choose())
  • Method 2 (need the path) - ClassDataS23<-read.csv("G:/My Drive/Stat106-ElementsofStatistics--S2023/!Class-csv-Rscripts/ClassDataS23.csv")
• Some basic R
  • ClassDataS23
• str(ClassDataS23)
• head(ClassDataS23)
• tail(ClassDataS23)
• names(ClassDataS23)
• libarary(mosaic) -- a package that we will be using throughout the semester.

Graphical Displays with R (Use ClassDataS22.csv)

• Histograms - histogram(~Height, data=ClassDataS23)
• Boxplots - boxplot(ClassDataS23$Age), boxplot(Age~Year, data=ClassDataS23)
• Scatterplots - plot(Height~Footlength, data=ClassDataS23)

Suggested In Class Exercises (Time to explore R on your own or with a partner.)

1. Construct appropriate graphs to visually summarize the information collected on the class data survey for the following variables:
   • Year
   • Height
   • Handedness
   • Age
   • HometownSize
   • PulseRate
   • TextMessages
   • Varsity
   • CatsDogs
   • ExerciseMinutes
   • FootLength
2. Use appropriate graphical displays and descriptive statistics to make appropriate comparisons between cat and dog lovers for different variables in the data set we collected during the first class.
3. Use appropriate graphical displays and descriptive statistics to make appropriate comparisons between the class years for different variables in the data set we collected during the first class.
4. Is the shape of the distribution for guesses of the length of the black string the same as the distribution of guesses for the length of the white string?
5. The actual length of the white sting is 46". Is the overall distribution of guesses centered at this value?
6. The actual length of the black string is 48". Is the overall distribution of guesses centered at the appropriate value?

Please read Section 1.3 for class on Friday.